Indonesia Conference Directory

Corresponding Author
Iryanti Fatyasari Nata

Institutions
(1) Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Lambung Mangkurat University
Jl. A. Yani Km. 36, Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan 70714, Indonesia
*Email: ifnata[at]ulm.ac.id

Abstract
Edible film is a thin layer that can consume and as a protective food from environment affect such as water vapor, oxygen, and moisture. The edible film which has antioxidant could be preventing from bacterial activity. The source of antioxidant is from “Kelakai” extract. This aims of this study are to evaluate the effect of eggshell powder concentration and cassava starch as raw material for edible film production and study the physical and chemical properties of edible film produced. The edible film was made from a mixture of chicken eggshell powder (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, wt/v) and cassava starch (5% wt/v) in distilled water then added 1.5% v/v of glycerol and 5% v/v of Kelakai extract. The mixture was heated up to ± 96 ºC, 100 rpm for 40 min. Then, mixture was poured into the mold (20 cm x 10 cm) and dried in an oven at 50 ºC for 24 h. The best composition of edible film produced with 10% of eggshell powder which has thickness of 0.174 mm, 1.5 MPa of tensile strength, 27% of elongation at elongation at break. The surface morphology of edible film was shown the rough surface and transparent which contains of CH, OH, and C = O groups that identified by Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) analysis. The antioxidant activity of edible film was shown by scavenging activity about 5.12% after 10 min.

Keywords
edible film; eggshell powder; cassava starch; kelakai

Topic
Biomaterial Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/drj3qQJcYtpa

Corresponding Author
FAISAL HUSSIN

Institutions
a) Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials (CSNano), Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research (ISI-ISIR), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 UTM Johor, Malaysia
b) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 UTM Johor, Malaysia
c) Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 UTM Johor, Malaysia
*arahimyusoff[at]kimia.fs.utm.my

Abstract
Bacterial infection and injury caused by dressing removal are two concerning issues affecting the healing process in treatment of skin damaged. Electrospun nanofiber as substrate demonstrates promising results in tissue recovery process by promotion of cell adhesion and expansion. In this study, the electrospun of polyvinyl alcohol/poly-ε-caprolactone (PVA/PCL) nanofiber coated with two different types of natural antibacterial agents, i.e. poly-L-lysine and chitosan were investigated. PVA-PCL coated antibiotic chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) was also prepared for comparison purpose. The FESEM images showed an increase in fiber diameter with the presence of antibacterial agents. The effects of antibacterial agents were examined by Disk Diffusion Test against S.aureus and E. coli based on measurement of inhibition zone of bacterial growth. The results reveal that CHG, poly-L-lysine and chitosan started to inhibit the growth of bacteria when coating in 5, 15 and 20 min, respectively. Besides, the tensile strength values of PVA/PCL/antibacterial agents tested appear to be within the range of tensile strength values for human skin which conclude that the PVA/PCL/antibacterial agent nanofiber is suitable for regenerating human skin. Lastly, the hydrophilicity of the electrospun of PVA/PCL/antibacterial agents nanofiber was confirmed by water contact angle measurement which is 0°, thus theoretically can improve the cell adhesion and expansion onto the skin membrane.

Keywords
Electrospun; Polyvinyl alcohol; Poly-ε-caprolactone; Chitosan; Scaffold

Topic
Biomaterial Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/XqVKJrCvpbwE

Corresponding Author
Ahmad Taufiq

Institutions
1 Department of Physics, Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia

2 Department of Biology, Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia

3 Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand

Abstract
In this work, we report the synthesis and characterization of silica/Fe2.18Zn0.82O4 nanocomposite and its performance as drug carrier system for doxorubicin. The silica/Fe2.18Zn0.82O4 nanocomposite was synthesis via co-precipitation and hydrolysis routes. Based on the data analysis of crystallographic characterization, the silica/Fe2.18Zn0.82O4 nanocomposite formed in nanometric size of approximately 7.14 nm. The elemental characterization presented that Zn, Fe, and Si were detected in constructing silica/Fe2.18Zn0.82O4 nanocomposite. Moreover, the functional groups of Fe-O, Zn-O, and Si-O-Si were identified at the various wavelength originating from silica/Fe2.18Zn0.82O4 nanocomposite. Interestingly, the silica/Fe2.18Zn0.82O4 nanocomposite exhibited excellent performance as drug carrier for doxorubicin detected from absorbance and stability behaviours.

Keywords
Silica, Fe2.18Zn0.82O4, nanocomposite, doxorubicin, carrier.

Topic
Biomaterial Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/cZ2HdTK4PuAB

Corresponding Author
Nik Ahmad Nizam

Institutions
(1) Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 UTM Johor, Malaysia

(2) Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials (CSNano), Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research (ISI-ISIR), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 UTM Johor, Malaysia

Abstract
The problem with bacteria resistance to antibiotics and antibacterial agents necessitates the development of powerful and effective antibacterial agents. Silver based materials such as silver nanoparticles or silver ions loaded in inorganic materials are examples of the effective inorganic antibacterial agents that can overcome this problem. They are known to have high antibacterial activity against wide spectrum of bacteria (Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria) even at low amount. However, the high usage of silver will create secondary problems which are environmental pollution and also possible bacterial resistance towards silver. Thus, one of the alternative approaches is by creating a hybrid organic-inorganic antibacterial agent using an aluminosilicate material such as zeolite or kaolinite as a carrier system for silver ions and functionalized the silver-zeolite or silver-kaolinite with suitable organic compound. This alternative approach enables lower amount of silver usage but maintaining the antibacterial efficacy due to the synergistic effect of organic compounds that attached together on the carrier system. Our group of research has successfully invented several hybrid antibacterial agents namely surfactant modified silver-zeolite, amine functionalized silver-zeolite, surfactant modified silver-kaolinite, chlorhexidine modified silver-kaolinite and aminoglycoside loaded surfactant modified silver kaolinite. The attachment of organic compound on the silver-zeolite and kaolinite changed physicochemical properties of the raw materials such as the charge was changed from negative to positive and becoming partially hydrophobic and hydrophilic but maintaining the structure of the carrier system. Furthermore, these hybrid antibacterial agents exhibited high antibacterial efficacy against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as compared to single antibacterial agent loaded on the carrier system. This research could pioneering more hybrid organic-inorganic antibacterial agents in the future since there are many other possible organic and inorganic materials can be combined together in the suitable carrier system and this could lead to lowering the vast usage of silver as antibacterial agent.

Keywords
Antibacterial agent, zeolite, kaolinite, silver, surfactant

Topic
Biomaterial Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/TtvMuxhPfYcg

Corresponding Author
Suharti Suharti

Institutions
a)Department of Chemistry, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Negeri Malang, East Java, Indonesia
b)Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Abstract
Keratin is an important biomaterial for industrial applications. About 90% of keratin is found in chicken feathers. Chicken feathers are accumulated from poultry processes and produced in millions of tons annually. Besides being abundant and cheap, keratin is insoluble in water and organic solvent which makes it difficult to recycle. Previous study showed that solid-state fermentation of keratinase using Bacillus sp. MD24 using chicken feathers a sole carbon and nitrogen source produced micro-keratin as a solid by-product. This paper reported our investigation in soluble keratin in liquid by-product. Liquid byproduct was produced through Solid-State Fermentation of keratinase for 10 consecutive days by Bacillus sp. MD24. Liquid by-product was separated from solid by-product by centrifugation at 2000 rpm. The size of soluble keratin was examined by zeta particle analyzer. The soluble keratin was filmed and the film was characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and film surface was analyses using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Dissolution of keratin using ionic liquids ([BMIM])Cl and ([EMIM])Ac was done to compare its properties. Dissolution was performed under nitrogen atmosphere at 130 °C for 7 hours. Insoluble fraction was recovered by addition of water. The results showed the liquid by-product contains soluble keratin with ([EMIM])Ac is 1085,78 ± 359,7723 nm; ([BMIM])Cl is 1311,88 ± 573,0562 nm and SSF is 2677,4 ± 611,4363 nm. The FTIR spectrum indicated the presence of polypeptide with high concentration of S-H bond. There is no difference on surface structure between keratin biofilm produced from soluble keratin by-product and soluble keratin produced by dissolution using ionic liquid.

Keywords
keratin, Solid-State Fermentation, Ionic Liquids

Topic
Biomaterial Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/pGHXCUPBZjwu

Corresponding Author
Hartatiek Hartatiek

Institutions
1 Department of Physics, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang 5 Malang
2Department of Physics, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran Malang

Abstract
The HAp scaffold has poor biodegradation. To increase biodegradation of HAp, it was composited with PVA, PEG and Chitosan polymers which had faster biodegradation properties. Nanofiber PVA/CS/PEG/HAp composites as scaffold in bone tissue engineering are prepared by electrospinning. The composition of HA varies 0, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6% v. HAp was synthesized from natural deposits and characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) to obtain phase, crystallinity and crystal size. Surface morphology and porosity of nanofiber composites were characterized by SEM-EDX. Increasing the concentration of HAp can increase the average diameter of the nanofiber and reduce porosity. Composite biodegradation of PVA/CS/PEG/HAp was also evaluated. Biodegradation test was carried out by immersing the sample in SBF solution (Simulated Body Fluid) for 1-4 weeks and the fastest mass reduction occurred in HAp (0%) and decreased with increasing concentration of HAp. This nanofiber HAp/CS/PEG/HAp composite can be applied as a scaffold in bone tissue engineering.

Keywords
morphology, porosity. biodegradation, scaffold, nanofiber

Topic
Biomaterial Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/JwUAx7rPE6ad

Corresponding Author
Suharti Suharti

Institutions
Department of Chemistry, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Negeri Malang, East Java, Indonesia

Abstract
As we know keratin is a structural protein. Keratin can be obtained from chicken feathers. At present, chicken feathers are one of the great potentials of waste because of its abundance and very cheap. CMC has a similar structure to cellulose. Cellulose has a very abundant amount in nature and its existence as waste and CMC is a derivative of natural cellulose polymers that are easily degraded naturally. This paper reported our preliminary work on developing novel composite biofilm from both natural biopolymer to provide novel environmentally friendly biomaterials. Keratin solution was prepared from chicken feathers by the acid method. Variations in the number of CMCs were used to see differences in biofilm rigidity. The size of keratin in the biofilm can be measured using a PSA, SEM and FTIR are used to see the presence of keratin embedded in biofilm. Based on the results of the PSA analysis, the size of keratin found in keratin solution was 1570.8 ± 26.30437 nm. In FTIR analysis, biofilms with CMC – keratin content showed an absorption peak in the area of 1240 cm-1 - 1546 cm-1 which was an amide band with keratin which could combine well with CMC. SEM shows the surface structure of CMC – keratin biofilms forming a fibrous pattern. The homogeneity of keratin in biofilm is analyzed using XRD while its resistance to temperature is measured by TGA. With the presence of keratin as a sturdy fiber and CMC as a supporting matrix can produce biofilm that are strong and environmentally friendly

Keywords
biofilm,cmc, keratin

Topic
Biomaterial Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/uXRTkmMGw9vN

Corresponding Author
Ahmad Taufiq

Institutions
1 Department of Physics, Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia

2 Department of Biology, Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia

3 Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand

Abstract
In the last decades, doxorubicin has been widely used for cancer treatment combined with magnetic nanoparticles. Therefore, the development of utilization of magnetic nanoparticles as drug carrier for cancer treatment becomes essential to be done. In this work, we report the preparation of Fe3O4/PEG nanoparticles combined with curcumin as drug delivery agent for doxorubicin. The samples were characterized by means of XRD, FTIR, XRF, and UV-Vis spectrometer. The data analysis of the characterization showed that the spinel crystal structure was detected for both Fe3¬O4/PEG and Fe3-O4/PEG/curcumin. However, the presence of curcumin leaded to decrease its crystallinity and didn-t change significantly the particle size. The functional groups of Fe3¬O4/PEG sample were evaluated at the wavenumber 587.285 cm-1 for Fe-O. The wavenumber of 1108 cm-1 and 2883 cm-1 were originated from C-O-C and C-H. Meanwhile, for the Fe3¬O4/PEG/curcumin sample, despite the functional groups of Fe-O, C-O-C, and C-H, the functional group of -OCH3¬ at the wavelength of 1153.4 cm-1 was detected originated from curcumin. Moreover, based on the drug loading and drug release characterizations for doxorubicin, the Fe3¬O4/PEG and Fe3¬O4/PEG/curcumin exhibited good performance as drug delivery carrier.

Keywords
Fe3O4, PEG, curcumin, nanoparticle, drug carrier.

Topic
Biomaterial Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/fvLwDPq79TAu

Corresponding Author
Hendra Susanto

Institutions
11Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang 5 Malang 65145, Indonesia
2Centre of Advanced Materials for Renewable Energy, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang 5 Malang 65145, Indonesia
3Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri, Malang, Jl. Semarang 5, Malang 65145, Indonesia
4Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117542, Singapore

*)Corresponding author: nandang.mufti.fmipa[at]um.ac.id

Abstract
Copper Indium Gallium Selenium (CIGS) is one of high-performance solar cell among the other second generation of solar cell. The common method to fabricate CIGS solar cell use vacuum method such as evaporation, vapor transport deposition and electron-beam deposition that require high technology investment and expensive. The aim of this study is to investigate the synthesize of CIGS thin-film using a non-vacuum method as CIGS ink and coated by spin coating. The CIGS ink was synthesized by dissolving copper (II) acetylacetonate, gallium (III) acetylacetonate, and indium (III) acetylacetonate with oleylamine in a nitrogen atmosphere and then the solution was mixed with selenium and heated. The ITO substrate was coated by ZnO layer and then coated by CIGS using a spin coating method to make CIGS solar. The samples were characterized by XRD for crystal structure properties, SEM-EDX for morphology and chemical element analysis. The optical properties were performed by UV-Vis spectrometry. The results show that CIGS was successfully synthesized. The photoresponse and power conversion efficiency solar cell of the CIGS/ZnO film will be discussed.

Keywords
CIGS film, solar cell, photoresponse, the power conversion efficiency

Topic
Biomaterial Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/KBMCZN2gfjr6

Corresponding Author
Poppy Puspitasari

Institutions
Universitas Negeri Malang

Abstract
This research aimed to study the effect of sintering time variations in obtaining cobalt oxide nanoparticles [CoO and or Co3O4]. This research used cobalt(II) nitrate hexahydrate [Co(NO3)2·6H2O] as the precursor and ethylene glycol [C2H6O2] as the dissolvent. Then used the sintering process at 700˚ C with sintering times of 1, 2, and 3 hours. Next, characterizing the cobalt oxide used X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTI) tests. Data analysis showed that the process generated single-phase Co3O4 where the 2 hours sintering process produced the smallest crystallite diameter.

Keywords
Cobalt(II) oxide, sol-gel, sintering time

Topic
Biomaterial Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/dwyErYqgMu42

Corresponding Author
Hendra Susanto

Institutions
1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia
2 Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia
3 Department of Post Graduate Studies, Universitas Islam Sunan Ampel, Surabaya, Indonesia

Abstract
Moringa oleifera is an endemic plant in East Java Province that spread in several districts of this region. The fast-growing population of this plant, particularly in Madura Island and significant Island may provide an opportunity to explore the essential characteristics of this plant between each region. Moringa oleifera is not only the potential and miracle natural resources in Indonesia but also the crucial alternative solution combating malnutrition linked micro-macro elements deficiency. This study was conducted by using Moringa oleifera leaf powder (MOLP) from Madura island and other districts, including Malang, Pasuruan, Tuban, and Tulungagung. The basic profile of micro and macro elements were quantified by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) analysis at Central laboratory FMIPA Universitas Negeri Malang. Importantly, the higher level of Phosphor, Sulfur, and Potassium was found in MOLP Malang area while the lowest one was found in Madura sample. By contrast, a massive amount of Calcium, Manganese, Ferrum, and Molybdenum were dominantly found in Madura sample. Interestingly, the few concentration of Titanium was found in the Madura sample and cannot be observed in other samples. This data imply that Moringa oleifera leaf powder in East Java regions has a potential ingredient in the development of green materials synthesis and application, biomedical resources, and another implementation. To sum up, the exploration and application of MOLP from Madura variety for future clinical and nonclinical administration may become an alternative solution for combating metabolic disturbation related diseases. Thus, further expanding research is urgently required to establish the application of MOLP for medical and biomedical engineering linked advanced bionanotechnology.

Keywords
Moringa oleifera, leaf powder, biomaterials, East Java region

Topic
Biomaterial Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/VfqZB4n6WAtT

Corresponding Author
Heru Suryanto

Institutions
Universitas Negeri Malang

Abstract
Plastics are one of the contributors to waste as well as a problem that is difficult to resolve in every country so that a solution is needed to overcome this by synthesizing biocomposite materials. The quality of biocomposite products depends on processing methods. This study discussed the effect of the speed of the extrusion process on the mechanical characteristics and structure of starch-based biocomposite with nanoclay reinforcement. The experimental research method was carried out by using cassava-based biocomposite synthesis with add carrageenan and nanoclay-reinforced with a concentration of 2.5wt% and 5wt%, respectively, with glycerol as a plasticizer. The extruded process was carried out on a single-screw extrusion machine with a speed variation of 0.55, 1.35, and 2.6 gr/min and processing temperatures of 120°C. The extrusion product tested using a tensile test and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The test results show that the speed of extrusion influences the mechanical characteristics and surface of bioplastics. The best tensile strength and strain were 2.48 MPa and 17.91%, respectively, obtained from extrusion speed of 1.35 gr/min. The highest elastic modulus was 21.22 MPa obtained from extrusion speed of 2.6 gr/min. SEM shows no void on the biocomposite surface. For extrusion speed of 0.55 gr/min occur uniform fracture, speed of 1.35 gr/min show ductile fracture on the edges of biocomposite and speed of 2.6 gr/min show small clumps and a little crack.

Keywords
extrusion speed, nanoclay reinforcement, mechanical properties, starch-based biocomposite.

Topic
Biomaterial Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/wbuqmLPK7UzH

Corresponding Author
Hendra Susanto

Institutions
1Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang No. 5, Malang 65145, Indonesia
2Research Center of Minerals and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang No. 5 Malang 65145, Indonesia

*Corresponding Author-s Email: sunaryono.fmipa[at]um.ac.id

Abstract
In this study, water pollution contamination can be eliminated by the AOPs (Advanced Oxidation Processes) method, the photodegradation method that uses photocatalyst techniques made from semiconductor materials such as ZnO which have the advantage of not being easily degraded when light absorption, non-toxic, and environmentally friendly. However, this material is not magnetic so it is difficult for this material to be separated from the solution after being used even though ZnO has the potential to be applied repeatedly. To determine the effect of ZnO concentration on the crystal structure and the magnetization properties of Fe3O4@ZnO Core-Shell Nanoparticles, the fabrication of Fe3O4@ZnO Core-Shell nanoparticles with variations of ZnO concentration had been successfully synthesized by using precipitation method. To investigate the structural, morphological, magnetization properties, and optic properties of Fe3O4@ZnO Core-Shell Nanoparticles, the samples had been characterized by using XRD, TEM, VSM and UV-Vis Spectrophotometers respectively. The results showed that ZnO concentration did not affect the crystal structure. Furthermore, TEM image showed that the core-shell structure was well carried out. The addition of ZnO concentration can affect particle size and can reduce the magnetization properties of Fe3O4 nanoparticles, and can increase the degradation rate of methylene orange dyes.

Keywords
Fe3O4@ZnO, Core-Shell, Photocatalyst, Photodegradation

Topic
Biomaterial Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/aYPzRD6QhFXZ